Long Attention Span May Be Resistant To Interruption Education Essay Free Essays

The reason for skill is as yet hazardous. It could be a familial or condition factor or both. Current accepting proposes that the significance of the cistron is more prominent, however without proper nutriment, the gifted child ‘s conceivable can every now and again remain hidden. We will compose a custom article test on Long Attention Span May Be Resistant To Interruption Education Essay or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now There are a few indexs which may propose a child is talented. A few highlights of talent: Peruses right on time with extraordinary appreciation Learns quicker with less rehash and example Has a long going to length ; might be safe to interference Comprehends and makes deliberations prior ; may dismiss inside informations Is interesting and will in general ask complex inquiries/Likes to cognize why and how things occur Is quick to recognize connections, including cause-impact ; may hold inconvenience tolerating the unlogical Is exhausted with ordinary endeavors Has enormous jargon and communicates great Is genuinely delicate/may overcompensate Is an intense and attentive perceiver Assesses realities, proclamations, and people fundamentally/May act naturally basic, anxious or incredulous of others High vitality Learns by testing and controlling articles ; endeavors to happen answers to requests in bizarre manners Is originative, innovative and unique. Displaies incredibly created feeling of mind ; comprehends chokes that age equivalent would non The above highlights of the skilled children set them apart from the others. We would be wrong if we somehow managed to express that gifted children are all-around. The way that this gathering of students who have been singled out and marked as â€Å" skilled † , are much of the time mixed up as sole gathering of elitists. As a result, they are in effect forgotten about from their equivalents. The skill do hold an extraordinary effect in their lives. The incredible difference between a gifted child ‘s qualities and failings makes him/her hard to suit wherever and along these lines conduct employments happen. The hairsplitting in capable understudies prompts high evaluation of self-analysis, rivalry or potentially ridiculous open introduction standpoints. Consequently, given the extreme want to satisfy wonder, they feel limited in investigating an issue based obtaining if there is cut distribution. Errand would be too much simple or too much hard for them that restricts the students ‘ opportunities for progress. The gifted understudies ordinarily do non hold exact self-information about their capacity. They are expert touchy to cultural input. Their craving for independency prompts endeavors to order the situation. Tragically, educators and others habitually have unreasonable standpoints of high open introduction in all nations methodicallly, yet are awkward with contrast and dread prevalent insight. At the point when independence is non esteemed in for the capable students, it will take them to cultural disconnection in light of the fact that there is no positive capacity hypotheti cal record present and that their wants and capacities may non fit possibilities. When using propelled work goals, skilled understudies will in general make things happen their equivalents and educator. They are non inspired by memorisation, rehash, or lower degrees of accepting. They can't order their feelings and simple baffled, humiliated or forceful toward individuals who make impediments. This thwarts them to hold vitality to win to finish of an end. This could be because of school exercises, which are non separated or questioning or offer no profundity and multifaceted nature. Educators ought to non name the gifted understudies for their disparities and maintain a strategic distance from them. They mark them to get them, their experience and their qualities with the goal that they can make a comprehensive securing condition. The educators ‘ convictions are extremely of import. Contrasts ought to be viewed as a standard rather than the avoidance and that each child is distant from everyone else. The activities from the teachers can do a distinction in the child ‘s life be it at present or in the great beyond. At the point when the educators show respect and consideration regarding the understudies, they impact the students to make the equivalent to other people To gracefully the requests of the capable students in the standard schoolrooms and amplify everybody ‘s possibility and intensity, teachers can tap on these assaults: community oriented procurement, genuine setting obtaining and self-ruling securing. A definitive end is to permit students to larn about the substance than the educators giving all the answers, teachers ‘ work is to put cardinal develops, rules and speculation of substance nation key for all understudies to hang on. Through community oriented securing, students with various qualities can cooperate and they process data in numerous manners, giving more considerations to a gathering work. This encourages skilled understudies to uncover their quality, pulling their miracle and offering entrances to the rest of the class. In actuality, setting securing, students get the chance to perceive what is educated past content releases, with the goal that capable understudies would non simple procure exhausted. What's more, in the end, with self-ruling securing, students get the opportunity to take the nation of contributions and read up using different writings and an arrangement of asset stuffs. These give opportunity and independency for procurement, furthermore transfuse the responsibility for understudies ‘ work. â€Å" Cipher sees the air current ; neither you, nor I. Be that as it may, when the trees bow down their caputs, the air current is go throughing by. † Simply as we can non see the air current, we can non occur, run on, or transplant knowledge. However we see the working or indications of knowledge in the practices of individuals. Skilled students do non hold the capacity to put their qualities, so make their equivalents and teachers. Yet, in the event that the educators have confidence in them and set up a progress that qualities and buys on various gifts, non just will the skilled understudies will benefit, all children would be sustained, created and tested in this comprehensive securing network in an increasingly pregnant way. This is the point at which we understand and treasure their knowledge. ( 1069 words ) Instructions to refer to Long Attention Span May Be Resistant To Interruption Education Essay, Essay models

Delta air lines Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Delta aircrafts - Case Study Example Three of the most significant elements are advancement, quality and stock decrease. Basic beliefs include: security, high help quality and client needs and needs. So as to improve coordinations, the organization is intended to focus on working with different transporters which permit it to include bigger requests. Objectives and destinations are intended to improve its present situation available and increment gainfulness. A continuum of asset supportability is to make assets and abilities portrayed by their strength and imitability. Budgetary objective is to build deals and liquidity of business. The arrangement of security received via aircrafts will be the primary key standards throughout the following years (Delta Airline News, 2006; Dove-Morse, 2004). Control of financing costs impacts the degree of shopper credit and thus the size of a person's spending plan, as will levels of tax collection. During times of high expansion the legislature should well acquaint measures with control costs on flights. The fundamental factor is that aircraft industry works on the universal field and a significant impact on cost is the money swapping scale which varies as per the condition of the economy. Expanding taxes and standards power bearers to discover better approaches to decrease transportation costs which lowing nature of their administration. With net revenues crumbling, contenders are attempting to alter. Joblessness rate is high in aircraft industry: around 7,4%. During the time of downturn joblessness rate was multiplied diminishing purchasing limit of potential market (Delta Air Lines.2006). Mechanical powers produce critical thinking innovations. Carrier target is on normal as subject to solid data innovation as some other organizations. Upgrades in load ships and taking care of gear, expanding containerization, uses of IT to booking and controlling shipments and to customs methods, new fields, and a large group of other mechanical advances and developments have decreased the expenses of administrations and data. Then again, aircraft innovation cost is one of the most noteworthy among different enterprises. The way of life and structure of Apple create after some time and because of a mind boggling set of elements. Today, client care in carriers depends on notoriety and reliability and this no less obvious in the new types of framework administration. In fields, for example, bundle conveyance and cash the board, shoppers are looking for signs that their dangers will be limited or disposed of. For these sorts of buyer acts, client support assumes a fundamental job in alleviating the feelings of trepidation of customers by anticipating a picture of dependability and mastery. Delta Airlines has contenders, however they don't impact the organization's income. The nearness of substitute administrations like trains, ships or autos transportation can bring down assistance engaging quality and productivity just as the value levels. The occasions of 11/09 and late crashes of Boeing planes happened these years decrease the engaging quality of aircraft industry. The organization has lost some $6.1 billion since the beginning of 2001 from its carrier activities, as per First Call, which tracks corporate earnings(Isidore, 2005). Numerous potential travelers like to utilize elective vehicle regardless of whether it requires some investment to arrive at the spot of goal. For this situation, the bartering intensity of clients is significant. Despite the way that

Email Marketing Metrics You Need to Optimize

Email Marketing Metrics You Need to Optimize © Shutterstock.com | Leszek GlasnerIn this article, you will learn about 1) the basics of email marketing and its associated metrics and 2) a detailed analysis of the email marketing metrics  (e.g. sending, opening, clicks, conversions).ON EMAIL MARKETING METRICSBrief description of email marketingEmail marketing is a direct marketing technique that utilizes commercial emails as the preferred medium for  promotion of products and services to a group of existing and potential customers.The emails sent are intended to perform the following primary objectives:Communicate valuable information about your product or service.Create new opportunities for business.Create brand awareness among potential customers and strengthen brand loyalty among existing customers.Initiate sales propositions.Forge strong and long-term business relationships with your clients.Of course, all the information that your marketing department communicates to your target audience has to be accurate and relevant.[s lideshare id=48445083doc=emailmarketing101strategyfinal-150521165241-lva1-app6892w=640h=330]Now, why is monitoring email marketing metrics so important?Simply put, email is arguably THE most important marketing tool of this era.Top management heavily relies on accurate data collected during the marketing exercise for future decision-making.Therefore, it is vital that attention is paid to even the most minute of details like the email clients/applications used by the targeted customers.What are email marketing metrics?Email marketing metrics are standards of measurement of the engagement of a strategic business email.These metrics can be represented in the form of a funnel with the input being marketing campaigns and the output being actual conversions.The various interlinked steps of an email marketing campaign are as follows:SentReceivedOpenedClickedConversionsAt the very top of the email marketing campaign funnel is the list of recipients that are intended to be targeted. They are the email addresses of the current and potential customers. This list has to be carefully sorted and the non-relevant recipients duly filtered out before the emails are actually sent.Equally important is the content of the emails. Quality over quantity should be the goal here send emails that are relevant and data-driven, and prevent repetition at all costs.The percentage of emails that are opened by the recipient depends on the category of the email itself emails that deliver newsletters and announcements have a different open rate compared to emails that offer kickbacks for downloads.Email conversion rate (or ECR) is a critical metric that allows you to infer  how successful your emails have been in actually generating business. An ECR of 7% 12% is the industry standard.Some more learnings on email marketing tools, trends, and tactics.[slideshare id=33008441doc=2014digitalsummitphoenixemailmarketing-140401173809-phpapp02w=640h=330]A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF EMAIL MARKETING METRICS Email marketing metrics, as a collective lot, can be quite confusing to the uninitiated. Hence, we will simplify them by classifying them in order of their importance and purge the nonessential.Sending and receiving the emailThe metrics that require measuringDelivery rate.  As far as improving delivery rates is concerned, there are different approaches that different businesses employ. While many startups rely on the tried and tested conventional delivery methods, an increasing number of new businesses are sparing no costs as far as boosting their delivery rates is concerned.Competitive email service providers are employed   and third-party agents are hired to enhance delivery rate. While all marketers agree that a delivery rate of 95% or more is desirable, a hard bounce rate of 20% or more is considered a failure of the employed system.Inbox placement.  Once the email has been successfully delivered to the intended receiver, the next most important metric is inbox placement.This is basically a measure of whether your email has been placed at the proper inbox of the recipient or was screened out and placed in bulk mail folders or worse still, marked as spam.There are different ways in which you can successfully route your business email to the inbox of the recipient.The best way is to ensure click-through, i.e. get your recipient to click on at least one of your emails, so that all future emails from you hit their inbox.Another way would be to improve your click-through statistics by elimination, i.e. eliminate all entries from your send-to list who have an identified history of not providing any click-through for your emails.Spam percentage.  Being labeled as spam is every email marketers nightmare, and rightly so. It is vital to convince your recipients email client that your emails are not spam.There is a certain way to do this. Get on top of your spam score percentage this is important. Peruse your email draft for keywords and links that will get you emai l listed as spam.There are lists available online of email spam trigger words and you need to avoid those at all costs.Complaint rate.  While you ought to leave no stone unturned to make your marketing email as credible to the recipient as you intend it to be, you will have to deal with the veracity that your emails are never completely immune to being marked as spam.Several factors like the state of mind of the recipient at the time he receives your email, incessant spamming by other senders and such like will be at play to your disadvantage.While you cannot entirely negate your complaint rate, you can, however, minimize it.A good way to ensure a low complaint rate is to get your recipient to subscribe to your emails via a confirmation email. On the other hand, it is imperative that you avoid blackhat  marketing methods.For example, NEVER get your target customer to involuntarily subscribe to your emails via devious means such as click-bait links or buttons. In addition, it is neve r a good idea to flood your recipient with too many emails, because that will surely get you blacklisted.Action rate over time slots.  Once you have sent out a sufficient number of emails to your regular recipients, it becomes possible to monitor how your recipients are treating your emails.Over time, you are able to deduce certain time slots when the action on your emails are the highest from your recipients side. Going forward, you can push such emails at those decided time slots in order to ascertain maximum recipient action.Some interesting stats on email marketing.[slideshare id=24177442doc=25emailmarketingstats-130712092319-phpapp02w=640h=330]Where is optimization necessary?There is a vast scope for optimizing multiple parameters in order to ascertain maximum throughput for your marketing emails.First off is the visual interface of the email and the web pages and forms that link from it. It is important to note here that all links to websites and forms that you provide in your email should be perfectly functional and otherwise usable.Color plays a vital role in determining the click rate an email that is too flashy or vibrant or one that is too dull or bland will most likely be ignored, or worse, marked as spam.The design of the forms also goes a long way into either convincing or discouraging the recipient. Keep the form structure simple yet sufficiently appealing.Another important parameter is content placement. All content that seeks to explain your companys goals and introduce your product or service should not be placed too far from the salutation people usually do not have the time to read each and every word of your email and it is in your best interest to come to the point as early in your email as possible.Also, the language used in your content should be simple and easily comprehensible. Do note that grammatical and spelling errors are an instant turn off and can do a great deal of damage to your credibility.Some awesome learnings on email ma rketing metrics from our friends at Hubspot.[slideshare id=6872397doc=thescienceofemailmarketing-110209231357-phpapp02w=640h=330]Opening the emailThe metrics that require measuringOpen rate.  In simple terms, the open rate gives you an estimate of how many emails have been opened by the recipients in relation to the total number of emails received.Several factors contribute to a high open rate, e.g. a convincing subject line and a favorable time of receipt of the email, among others.Device type: There has been a tremendous advancement in mobile technology over the last decade, which has enabled users to view and respond to emails on their mobile devices like cell phones and tablets. No wonder then that as things stand now, half of all emails are read on mobile devices. As such, it is important that you consider formatting your emails in such a way that they are equally readable on computers as well as on mobile devices. Time slots again play a vital role here. Do consider the fact t hat most emails that are sent just before or after usual work hours will most likely be read on a mobile device when the recipient is travelling to or from work.Email type: In the present day, there are several email clients available to users with which they can view and respond to emails. As such, it can and should be assumed that different recipients of your emails will be using different email clients to view them. This makes it mandatory that you use only those email templates that are displayed properly in all popular email client interfaces.[slideshare id=43300709doc=krpnazsfqj2cf6kt5gi9-signature-c3ddbde846a508c02ced4b5d28f6c107620224ce4cc469b89083f62db1de8428-poli-150107180724-conversion-gate02w=640h=330]Unsubscribe rate.  Unsubscribe rate measures the percentage of recipients in your email list that have unsubscribed from your emails the most common reason being disinterest.However, there are many disinterested recipients that choose not to click through your emails witho ut actually unsubscribing. As such, the unsubscribe rate isnt a very accurate way of measuring addressees engagement with your emails. Time spent viewing email.  This is an effective tool to measure recipient engagement for your marketing emails. Tracking time spent by recipients in reading your emails conveys a clear picture about engagement that helps you understand how to strategize all future emails for content length and placement.Of course, it is important to also understand that since there are different types of business emails, e.g. company announcements, blog newsletters or the ones containing kickback links, the time spent on each type of email is going to be different.Bounce rate.  Bounce rate is defined as the percentage of emails that have been undelivered or bounced with respect to the total number of emails sent. Bounces can be of two types:Hard bounce: Hard bounces occur when the recipients email addresses are no longer valid or totally non-existent. Hard bounces af fect the delivery success rate of your emails and as such, all such email addresses should be immediately removed from your email list.Soft bounce: In case of soft bounces, the email addresses of the recipients are valid, but your emails will have still not been delivered because of server errors. Such addresses need not be deleted from your email list. You will just have to re-send emails to these addresses, or wait for the servers to do that for you.Churn rate.  Churn rate is arguably THE most important metric to measure email opening. It basically measures the actual health of your email list on a yearend basis by adjusting for the loss of subscribers through unsubscribing, hard and soft bounces and complaints.The churn rate thus paints a clear picture of the percentage of audience you are losing each year and how many new subscribers you would need to target in order to maintain the size of your email list.Email sharing/forwarding rate.  Also known as referral rate, this metric measures the percentage of emails sent that your recipients have forwarded to other recipients.Referral is an excellent means to grow your subscriber list without actually taking the pains to dig up new email addresses, because your recipients are doing that job for you! Content placement and depth go a long way in effecting referral rates.Where is optimization necessary?The parameters of optimization are:Call to action (CTA box) this is the most important metric that requires optimization, because it routes your recipient to where the action is.Headline/subject lines: Follow tradition and keep subject lines to the point without trying to make a hard sell. Do include your company name on the subject line so as to make yourself instantly recognizable.Length of email is it optimal?What comprises the visible content?What colors make the cut on a CTA box?Layout of the email.Choice of salutations for introduction and address.How hyperlinks are presented.Choice of words this is importa nt. Avoid using spam words in any part of the email so as to evade a possible spam indicator.Clicks on your website/landing pageThe metrics that require measuringClick Through Rate (CTR).  This is one of the most effective measures of email engagement. CTR is the percentage of clicks that your emails received with respect to the total number of emails sent.Lets face it, it is a difficult task to get recipients to click on emails, so if you have managed to get one or two clicks for every ten emails sent, you have done a pretty decent job!Click rates.  Click rate is a measure of the total number of recipients who clicked on your email message or on any links therein, in relation to the total number of recipients in your email list.Click rates can be broadly classified based on two parameters:By number of links in the messageBy industryWhere is optimization necessary?The parameters of optimization are:Design of the registration formPlacement of strategic contentChoice of colors usedLan guage options availableOverall usability of the websiteConverting your audience: How to get the visitors to come back?The metrics that require measuringConversion rate.  The primary objective of a business mail is to convince the recipient to take favorable action on your email, i.e. do what your email sought to influence them to do.Favorable action may imply buying a product, subscribing to a newsletter or a blog   or just downloading a pdf by clicking on the download link.While a conversion is a definitive win for your marketing effort, the highest importance should be placed on the call-to-action box on your email, because thats what ultimately drives the conversion through. Number of new leads generated.  Growing new leads should be a planned outcome of your marketing campaign. To achieve this end, your emails should be formatted in such a way that they incorporate a suitable method of lead capture and encourage your recipient to fill out certain (lead capture) forms in order to access content.Email marketing ROI.  Return on investment is an important metric of any marketing initiative. You can determine your ROI by putting in place a system of grading whereby you grade leads that are likely to generate sales as an outcome of your marketing effort.Do remember, however, that there is a marked difference between projected sales volume and actual sales volume and all projections do not always translate to real time sales figures.Earning per click/per email. Although this metric is seldom considered for evaluation, it does serve its purpose in determining the overall success of an email campaign, in terms of the income it generates for your company.Reports can be pulled out with the help of your email service provider that will help you track the status of your campaign and what specific actions are generating revenue and what actions are not.Where is optimization necessary?You just cannot afford to take it easy with the audience you have converted. You have t o optimize your communication path with your new leads in order to retain your audience.The way to user retention is email. Make sure that you keep in touch with your subscribers by sending them updates, newsletters and additional content periodically.Remember, a sales pitch only takes you that far it is the healthy stream of communication that will keep your subscribers interested in your product or services.

Slavery Shaped The Antebellum South Essay - 1390 Words

How slavery shaped the antebellum South Slavery shaped the values of the antebellum south in many ways. From agriculture and economy, to social stratification and the establishment of societal roles, slavery played an essential part in developing the south as well as dividing it from the north. In the beginning, the north and south had many things in common. The populations of both were predominantly of British decent and followed the Protestant faith. The inhabitants of both regions spoke the same language and believed in the racial superiority of whites. Where the division of the regions occurs is with the introduction of slavery to the colonies. Alexis de Tocqueville stated â€Å"that almost all of the differences which may be noticed between the character of the Americans in the Southern and Northern states have originated in slavery.† (###) It is these differences that shaped and developed the antebellum south. As the climate of the land south of the Mason-Dixon line was well suited for the cultivation of crops, farmers and planters in the south began to produce crops such as tobacco, sugar, rice, and cotton. The cultivation of these crops flourished, especially cotton. This crop became king in the south as three quarters of the world’s cotton came from the south. This flourishing market came at the expense of slaves through forced labor. This slave labor intensified the feelings of white supremacy in the south and unified all whites in the south because of race asShow MoreRelatedEssay about The American Civil War688 Words   |  3 Pageswar was a series of transactions, or exchanges, between the North and the South. These transactions involved over 1 million Americans who put their lives at risk for the liberation of the country’s slaves. These transactions were influenced by three paramount concepts: perspectives, values, and relative evaluations of costs and benefits. In the midst of this tumultuous period of time in American histo ry, these concepts shaped not just the people themselves but the social, political, and economic transactionsRead More`` 12 Years A Slave `` And The Fight For Freedom Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout the the period of Antebellum America, the institution of slavery distinctly shaped the lives of both enslaved, and free, African Americans. This institution tore apart lives, killed countless, and wrongly enslaved an entire race of people for something out of their control.. The academy award winning film 12 Years a Slave tells the tragic tale of Solomon Northup, a free African American, and his horrific journey while kidnapped into slavery. This film portrays both the struggle and theRead MoreSlavery Was The Engine Of American Economic Growth1420 Words   |  6 PagesThere is no doubt that slavery was the engine of American economic growth. United States of America experienced an economical revolution during the slave era and slavery was one of the main factors that contrib uted to that. As slavers took African slaves for granted and used them to satisfy their economic purposes. Surely it will make sense. Slave labor benefited the economy in many ways, such as agriculture, construction, slave owners and slave trade. We will start with how the Atlantic slaveRead MoreThe Effects Of Slavery In Soul By Soul By Walter Johnson1250 Words   |  5 Pagesreferring to the history Antebellum America, the two things that shape our country are the expansion of slavery and the expansion of the Market Revolution. In the novel Soul by Soul, by Walter Johnson, the author exploits the effects of slavery on the people involved with slave trade in the south. It also shows the reader just how vital slavery is to the Market Revolution, and how the consumers culture, in turn, shaped personal identities. Both slavery and the Market Revolution shaped presidential campaignsRead MoreEssay on Political Debate of Slavery1209 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the Antebellum period, the issue of slavery affected many religious and political debates. This was seen in the Lincoln Douglass debates, legislation, and the evolution of political parties. The political debates that fueled the slavery controversy were derived from legislation. The first legislation passed was the three-fifths compromise. Naturally, southern states wanted slaves to be counted as a whole person because the slave population in the south was larger. The northern states opposedRead MoreThe Contrasting Views of Pro-Slavery vs. Abolitionist Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pagesof mankind, slavery has existed in one form or another. Since the times of ancient civilizations to modern era subjugations, there have forces who feel strongly of its necessity and purpose, while others have devoted themselves to seeing the ideas and acts of slavery abolished. America is not an exception to the concept of slavery and during the nation’s early history, parties from both sides have been made famous for their beliefs in the continuation or the denouncement of slavery in the UnitedRead MoreSlavery And Its Impact On The United States986 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery dates back to as early as 1760 BC. It is defined as the condition of a s lave; in bondage. A slave is a person who is the property of and wholly subject to another; a bond servant. It fiendishly raised its repugnant head amongst many cultures and nations around the world. Many people viewed slavery as immoral and some viewed it as a necessary evil. However evil, it may have been, it did have a tremendous impact on shaping the United States, particularly the South. From the period of 1800 toRead More`` Soul By Soul `` By Walter Johnson1741 Words   |  7 Pagesbased on the Louisiana Supreme Court’s records, sales papers, letters of slaveholders, sale advertisements and diaries, Johnson tells the story of American slavery, both from the slave’s and slaveholder’s perspective. This book is intended to not only show the examples of the collapse of humanity but also the development of the brutal, antebellum Southern economy. An economy where the sale of slaves was regulated by Supreme Courts and numerous laws such as redhibition laws, whi ch were made to facilitateRead MoreCollective Memory : The Political Nature And Consequences Of Erasure1290 Words   |  6 PagesTheir work is singular and never fixed.† After the abolition of slavery in 1865, there was no inevitable outcome that would lead to the massive disenfranchisement of black Americans after Reconstruction. Rather, collective memory and the deliberate, active attempts to erase or downplay the roles that black men and women played; as soldiers, as dynamic political participants, as direct proponents for changing the old system of slavery, and finally, as citizens of the United States, led to the politicalRead MoreThe Institution Of Slavery Structured The Lives Of Black And White Women1461 Words   |  6 Pages4550 Mid-term Essay B Question #2 March 9, 2015 Discuss the ways in which the institution of slavery structured the lives of black and white women in the South: The South was politically, culturally, economically, and spiritually built around the institution of slavery. In the antebellum South, slavery was the thread that held the fabric of society together and defined the southern woman. Slavery was the foundation the southern hierarchy was based upon. Race and gender determined a person’s

The Workplace Of Aggressive Workplace Behavior - 2273 Words

Aggressive workplace behavior can very stressful because it has a negative affect on ones productivity, and if not addressed in a timely manner can even affect an employee’s personal’s life. Negative and/or aggressive behaviors can occur between coworkers and subordinates. According to Neuman and Baron Aggression is â€Å"†¦any form of behavior directed by one or more persons in a workplace toward the goal of harming one or more people in that workplace (or the entire organization) in ways the intended targets are motivated to avoid.† To â€Å"harm† a co-worker or subordinate is not only physical, it can also mean harming someone mentally, which was what Smith was doing to her subordinates. This type of aggressive behavior is more commonly known as workplace bullying. Workplace Bullying is a repeated, health harming mistreatment of one or more persons (the targets) by one or more perpetrators that can take the form of threating, humiliating or offens ive behavior-actions. (Fox, S., Spector, P. E. (Eds.). (2005).) Now that we have a general overview of workplace bullying and aggressive workplace behavior, let’s take a closer look at types of aggressive behavior. According to The Buss Typology of Aggression (1961) aggression can be organized into many different dichotomies. The one dichotomy that best describes that of Smith was the physical or verbal. Smith showed signs of being verbal when she was active and direct with her insults. For example, Smith made a comment to Peters aboutShow MoreRelatedAn Integrative Typology Of Personality Assessment For Aggression999 Words   |  4 Pagescomes into play on account of the fact that it can affect behavior in the workplace. Whether positive or negative effects, it is important for the possibility of aggressive behavior to be considered as to avoid hiring persons who prove to be dishonorable toward the business through their negative actions. After reading â€Å"An Integrative Typology of Personality Assessment for Aggression: Implications for Predicting Counterproductive Workplace Behavior,† the authors heavily emphasize two cognitions: explicitRead MoreThe Goal Of Qualitative Research Ess ay1434 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to my notes taken from a recorded lecture by Dr. Worley (Spring, 2016), the goal of Qualitative Research is to explore, describe and explain human behavior. This method of research involves close listening and observation and gives insights that other research methods cannot. Qualitative data is not numerical; words are used for presenting results and qualitative research is thematic in nature. Qualitative research usually involves fewer participants’ due to the observation methods utilizedRead MoreWorkplace Bullying And The Workplace1529 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace bullying is something that is a big contemporary problem, that I feel is often pushed under the rug and not discussed. Workplace bullying can effect a person’s health, and it can also affect their role as it relates to their workplace performance. I would like to discuss workplace bullying to help those that has been through this or is currently going through this. I want to provide different steps workers can take if they feel they are being bullied in their workplace. According to theRead MoreWorkplace Violence773 Words   |  4 PagesA major component of any workplace violence program is prevention. Program development and union involvement, are important parts of a workplace violence prevention program in government. There are specific measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of violent behavior. The first question many people ask when starting to develop a workplace violence prevention program is, how can we identify potentially violent individuals? It is understandable that people want to know this -- and that earlyRead MoreCurrent Literature Regarding the History of Bullying Research1254 Words   |  6 PagesAdult bullying at work is shockingly common and very destructive. In an in-depth analysis of 146 organizations worldwide, workplaces evidencing bullying on a relatively routine basis made up 44% of the total analyzed. U.S. studies also suggest alarming prevalence rates. During any given 6 to 12 month period, up to 13 percent of workers are bullied on the job; this increases significantly when counting those bullied anytime during their careers .These numbers translate to millions of workers: AccordingRead MoreBullying And Bullying Among Youth1429 Words   |  6 Pagesthroughout adulthood, especially in the workplace. My research was designed to delve into potential f actors, effects, and prevention strategies of bullying in the workplace. Bullying is such a broad topic and therefore, has many definitions and interpretations. Gladden et al. (2014) offers one of the many definitions: bullying includes unwanted aggression, observed and purposeful power imbalance between two or more people, and repetition of the unwanted aggressive behaviors. According to Faris and FelmleeRead MoreThe Episode Of Violence Toward Me From A Patient858 Words   |  4 Pagesin the unit, I filled out the incident report .While doing so, I have noticed that more than 80,000 reports were filled out this year. Certainly, not all of them were due to workplace violence or abuse; however, this observation and my feelings following the episode convinced me to reflect and research on the matter of workplace violence toward nurses. Violence is a term â€Å"that incorporates all acts causing physical and/or psychological harm†. (Kingma, 2001). According to author, health care workersRead MoreMedia Stereotypes’ Effect on Women in the Workplace Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pagesto realize how the media influences the way they think about people of a different nationality, race, religion, or gender. This widespread belief in stereotypes has adversely affected women in the workplace. Ann Hopkins is a prime example of the negative impact stereotyping has had in the workplace. She was a consultant for Price Waterhouse, a large consulting firm. She billed 34 million dollars in consulting fees, more than any other candidate that was being considered for a partnership. SheRead MoreWorkplace Violence : Corporate And Open Concern817 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace violence takes numerous structures. Corporate and open concern tends to concentrate on pictures of business related crimes, which frequently go with abusive behavior at home circumstances. Different types of workplace violence, for example, grumblings of tormenting and inappropriate behavior, are subtler, yet no less mentally damaging to laborers mental and physical wellbeing. (Mathis, John Sean, 2014). Workplace violence can happen anyplace at any time. Workers in a few commercialRead MoreArticle Review On Being A Woman840 Words   |  4 PagesOn Being A Woman In The Technical Workplace By Prudence F Franklin | Submitted On March 07, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook 1 Share this article on Twitter 1 Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon 2 Share this article on Delicious 1 Share this article on Digg 2 Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Prudence F Franklin Do you worry that you have

International Bonds Credit Ratings Free Essays

Why do most International bonds have high Moody or Standard Poor’s credit ratings? Credit Rating Is a social Intermediary service to provide credit Information and reference for the community. Credit rating Is alma to show the size of a credit default risk the rating object, rating agencies focus on financial conditions and historical data to give the overall valuation of object. Currently, credit rating on the issue of international bonds is the popular investment risk valuation method in the international capital market. We will write a custom essay sample on International Bonds: Credit Ratings or any similar topic only for you Order Now Specifically, this is assessed on debt servicing capacity of the issue bonds in a period, its fundamental purpose is to protect the interests of investors. At present, there are about 20 credit rating agencies on the issue of international bonds over the world, Moody, Standard Poor’s are the top 2 institution all over the world. Though they are private institution, but the rating scale and guidelines gradually become recognized as Internationally accepted samples with considerable authority. Credit rating Is the traffic permit’ for bond issuer to enter the International bond markets. International bonds with high credit rating mastered the global Information dominance and capital allocation rights. The rating will directly affect the level of costs and interest rates of oversea companies, it also can affect the strength of a business or even the survival and development of a country. Credit rating could provide objective and impartial credit information in order to strengthen management, avoid risks, optimize investment, boost sales and improve efficiency. High credit rating can increase the international business community awareness, improve competitiveness, to expand markets, increase sales and achieve rapid development of enterprises, expanding the scope of corporate finance at the same time, promoting financing success. High credit rating also can reduce financing costs in international enterprises. Companies with high credit ratings can get more credit policy In economic exchanges, easily to expand the scale of financing, therefore reduce financing costs. Q. What should a borrower consider before issuing dual-currency bonds? What should an investor consider before investing in dual-currency bonds? Dual-currency nod is a bond that is issued in a currency and pays coupons in the currency as well. At due date, the capital is paid in another currency. The coupon rates for dual- currency bonds are usually higher than other straight fixed-rate bonds. The amount of principal would set when the bond is issued based on currency appreciate. There are many motivations for Issuing the dual-currency bond, but the core reason is due to the long-term foreign currency offered by bank are rarely more than a decade, it must be used In order to avoid the foreign exchange risk. Exchange rate uncertainty would primarily considerate for both the borrower and Investor when dealing with dual-currency bonds. Currency fluctuation will Influence whether a borrower or issuer will gain or loss. As for the borrower, if the issued currency appreciates or principal, thus, the borrowers will benefit. However, if the issued and coupon currency depreciate or principal currency appreciates, the borrower will suffer a loss from exchange rates. As for the investor are opposite to borrower. If the principal currency appreciates or issued currency depreciates, the principal repayment they chive will be more valuable than the issued currency repayment, thus, the investors will benefit. On the contrary, they will suffer a loss from exchange rates. Normally, coupon rate dual-currency bond is higher than the single-currency bonds. On the publisher’s point of view, the repayment in different currencies may get lower risk, therefore, the bond issuers were willing to pay a higher coupon rate in order to reduce exchange rate risk, and choose to pay the dual-currency bond. Q. Discuss the process of bringing a new international bonds issue to market. The main international bond issuance processes are as follows: (1) The issuer will contact an investment banker and ask it to serve as lead manager of an underwriting syndicate. How to cite International Bonds: Credit Ratings, Papers

Compensation free essay sample

Compensation Is based on numerous factors such as; market research on similar Jobs in the marketplace, the availability of employees tit similar skill set, employee contributions and accomplishments. The amount of funds the organization has allotted for compensation and benefits, and how well an organization wants to attract and retain specific employee for the value for which they perceive to add to the employment relationship. Compensation comes in many forms such as; bonuses, overtime pay, sales commission, company vehicle, vacation time, and even company paid housing, etc.All companies with employees must determine a plan on what and how to pay their employees, as well as to when to offer raises, bonuses, and other Incentives. This Is where the compensation philosophy Is developed. This is the actual plan for how employees are to be paid, when payments will rise, and when bonuses are appropriate. Influences on the compensation philosophy are present revenue and anticipated profits in the future, market value of the Jobs for which the company is hiring, and the degree of competitiveness in the types of Jobs a company offers. We will write a custom essay sample on Compensation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another factor one must take Into consideration Is the way an organization views Its employees and Its responsibility to those employees Into the development of a compensation philosophy. The compensation strategy needs the support, very strong support, of top management as it sets stringent limits to the daily operation of the line management and the usually do not fully agree with all aspects in the organizations compensation and benefits strategy.Components of a compensation strategy are base salary, bonuses, incentives, and benefits. Ones base salary Is plainly in the ownership of the top management of the organization and the HARM Function. The role of the base salary Is to attract and retain talented individuals from the market to work for its organization. Base salary can and is very sensitive and the line management looks to set the base salary as high as possible. Bonuses are a totally different story from the point of ownership.The HARM Function needs to define the basic rules for the bonuses in the organization and the line management should have be given the right to define additional rules in the calculation and the desired behavior of employees for bonuses to be paid. The bonuses are the most Integral component In the motivation of employees. Incentives should be the responsibility of the line management, with HARM Function defining the Asia rules concerning the incentive scheme in the organization and line management should have full freedom to play the incentive game the way they want to play it.Incentives help to meet target quotas and/or dates, with the target dates or quotas changing rapidly. The benefits have the retention role In the compensation management providing their own products and services as benefits to the employees of the organization. Google is renowned for their benefits packages. Google considers its benefits as part of who they are and are designed to take care of the whole employee and keep the employee healthy, whether physically, emotionally, ancillary, and/or socially.

Two Gentlemen Of Verona Monologue Essay Thesis Example For Students

Two Gentlemen Of Verona Monologue Essay Thesis A monologue from the play by William Shakespeare LAUNCE: When a man\s servant shall play the cur with him, look you, it goes hard: one that I brought up of a puppy, one that I saved from drowning when three or four of his blind brothers and sisters went to it. I have taught him, even as one would say precisely, \Thus I would teach a dog.\ I was sent to deliver him as a present to Mistress Silvia from my master, and I came no sooner into the dining chamber but he steps me to her trencher and steals her capon\s leg. O, \tis a foul thing when a cur cannot keep himself in all companies! I would have, as one should say, one that takes upon him to be a dog indeed, to be, as it were, a dog at all things. If I had not had more wit than he, to take a fault upon me that he did, I think verily he had been hanged for\t. Sure as I live, he had suffered for\t. You shall judge. He thrusts me himself into the company of three or four gentleman-like dogs under the Duke\s table. He had not been there bless the mark a pissing-while but all the cham ber smelt him. \Out with the dog,\ says one. \What cur is that?\ says another. \Whip him out,\ says the third. \Hang him up,\ says the Duke. I, having been acquainted with the smell before, knew it was Crab, and goes me to the fellow that whips the dogs. \Friend,\ quoth I, \you mean to whip the dog?\ \Ay, marry, do I,\ quoth he. \You do him the more wrong,\ quoth I; \\twas I did the thing you wot of.\ He makes me no more ado, but whips me out of the chamber. How many masters would do this for his servant? Nay, I\ll be sworn, I have sat in the stocks for puddings he hath stol\n, otherwise he had been executed. I have stood in the pillory for geese he hath killed, otherwise he had suffered for\t. Thou think\st not of this now. Nay, I remember the trick you served me when I took my leave of Madam Silvia. Did not I bid thee still mark me and do as I do? When didst thou see me heave up my leg and make water against a gentlewoman\s farthingale? Didst thou ever see me do such a trick? We will write a custom essay on Two Gentlemen Of Verona Monologue Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

5 Top Tips for Using Google Docs

5 Top Tips for Using Google Docs 5 Top Tips for Using Google Docs Google Docs is a free alternative to traditional word processors like Microsoft Word. But if you’re going to make the most of this app, you’ll need to know how it works. Check out our list of five great functions you can use while creating a document in Google Docs. 1. Use Version History to Track Changes Microsoft Word has a tool called Track Changes that lets you record edits made to a document. But Google Docs does this automatically, saving each new version of the document as you go. You can see the â€Å"version history† of your document by either: Going to File Version history See version history Using the shortcut Ctrl + Alt + Shift + H Viewing the version history in a document. This will open a menu with a list of the different versions of your document. Clicking one of these will show you the changes from the previous version. As well as letting you review edits, you can use this to restore older versions of a document. This can be especially useful if you have shared a document and someone else has made changes. And if you want to suggest changes without changing a document, you can use the Suggesting†¦ tool. Editing and viewing options. 2. Find and Replace Text You can access the basic search function in Google Docs via the shortcut Ctrl + F. This will let you find specific terms quickly, which is helpful if you’re editing a longer document. Alternatively, you can access the Find and replace†¦ tool by: Going to Edit Find and replace†¦ Using the shortcut Ctrl + H Searching a Google document. You can use this to quickly replace certain words or expressions. You can also use it to conduct advanced searches, such as matching the case of text. The Match using regular expressions option, meanwhile, allows you to use special commands to look for specific types of   text. 3. Leaving Comments As well as suggesting edits, Google Docs lets you comment on documents. You can do this by: Going to Insert Comment Using the shortcut Ctrl + Alt + M You can then write a comment for yourself or other users. And you can respond to comments by clicking Reply†¦ You can even tag someone in a comment by typing a â€Å"+† sign followed by their email address, which can be very useful if you are co-editing a document with a colleague. A comment in Google Docs. 4. Adding Bookmarks In longer documents, you may want to quickly navigate between sections. To make this easy, all you need to do is add bookmarks in the relevant places: Place the cursor wherever you want a bookmark Go to Insert Bookmark in the menu system A bookmark in a Google document. This will create a visual marker on the page. If you click this marker, you’ll also see a Link option, which you can use to create a list of bookmarks (like a table of contents) for quick access. You can also use bookmark links to direct someone to a specific part of a Google document. 5. Sharing and Exporting Google Docs To share a Google document with someone else, all you need to do is: Click the Share button in the top right of the screen Enter the name(s) or email address(es) of the recipients Click the edit permissions button (i.e., the pencil icon) and select whether the recipients will be able to view, comment or edit the document Click Done to share the document Sharing a Google document. Alternatively, you can click the Share button and then click Get shareable link to copy a URL to your clipboard. Anyone you share this link with will then be able to access the document. You can also remove sharing permissions via the Advanced button in the bottom right of the sharing menu. Finally, you can also export a Google Doc and download it as another file type for printing or distribution. To do this: Go to File Download as†¦ Select a file type from the list (e.g., Microsoft Word document or PDF) Downloading a Google document. This will also let you share or edit the document via a different program.

Living a Fast-Paced Life Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Living a Fast-Paced Life Style - Essay Example For some people, working all the time is a rush, a â€Å"natural high.† They like waiting until the last second so they have to crunch to get things done. They enjoy working at the 11th hour. Feeling the pressure that they know they need to get the work done, they are able to get it done quickly and efficiently, much more so then if they weren’t working against the ever-ticking clock. Also, some people like being busy, and would rather have a million of things to do then to have to sit around and do nothing. Some people find a pile of paperwork more refreshing than a break, and would rather have to speedily work around the clock then sit and be idle. They are the â€Å"busy bees† of our society, and they keep working even when they don’t have to, working all the time quickly is their passion and their love for life is lived through it. There are also negatives to living such fast paces live style. If you are constantly in motion, you tend to wear out quickly, as discussed in "Burned Out and Bored" by Ronald Dahl. If you are not moving all the time you can become bored, and you also can miss out on the finer things in life. Ronald Dahl also discusses the problem of sleep deprivation becoming a habit for kids who are constantly seeking the next exciting thing to do when they find a time, and sometimes compromise sleep for this. Bad habits like this, he says, can be hard to break later in life. People can also become moody, and emotional problems can arise from always being in motion. On the other hand, I believe you need a balance. I find it is nice to sometimes have a lot of work that needs to get done, as it helps me work quickly and efficiently. I also, however, find that I need time to just be alone and chill sometimes. This helps be receive both the benefits of being in a fast-paced world, as well as the benefits of slowing down when I need to.

Reflection paper The roles of the olympic game Essay

Reflection paper The roles of the olympic game - Essay Example The Games have highlighted the position of the leaders who have been a pioneer in suppressing racism. It also has been far more effective in fighting with the forces of doping and eliminating them. The example of Seoul Olympic Games could be seen as force that led to the democratization of the country. After the end of the Olympic Games in Seoul, the military rule in Korea was replaced by the regime of a multiparty that has been elected by the people. The Olympic Games have also provided a platform to the host nation to portray their economic dominance and a scope to establish their position as the world leader. The award of the Olympic Games to the host nation is also the recognition of the international community as place that has the infrastructure and the potential to hold international events. Hover, the characteristic features professed by the Olympic Games have contradicted themselves. This has been evident on a number of occasions that include the integration of the Nazi regi me in the Berlin Olympic Games in 1936. The massacre of student protestors during the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City is also an example which does not reflect the true spirit of the Olympic Games. Awarding the Olympic Games to Korea is another example which contradicts the principles and spirit of the Games. These factors were important for the consideration in context of the Olympic Games in Beijing, 2008. Integration of readings The history of Olympic Games suggests that the greatest international event on sports in earth has always spread the message of peace, harmony and democratization of the world economy. It has also recognized the leadership position of the host nation in making economic progress and in effectively suppressing the forces of racism and discrimination. The contradictions to these virtues of Olympic Games held in the past showed ominous signs for the Olympic games of Beijing, 2008. In the past, the Berlin Games of 1936 showed acceptance of the Nazi regime as anti-humanist forces. The 1968 Games in the Mexico City also witnessed massacre of the student protestors. These negative incidents were likely to be accepted through the Olympic Games in Beijing, 2008 as China got involved in several international incidents that affected its international image adversely (Horne and  Whannel 67). As compared to the earlier instances in Berlin and Mexico City, the public image of the Chinese economy worsened even more. The incidents include the continuous repression of China over the territories of Tibet, failure in intervening in Darfur, Sudan and the lack of safety and environmental pollution of the exported goods. It was, therefore, a concern that the Olympic Games has again been awarded to a country that is not able to sustain its international positions as per the virtues and principles of the Games. Critical analysis The Olympic Games have been a platform which was used by the host nations over the period of history to portray their economic dominance in the international stage. The Olympic Games have always spread the message of harmony and peace and recognized the host nation as the flag holder of their virtues and principles. The international image of the countries that hosted the Olympic Games has been a significant factor against the forces of racism and discrimination. The Seoul Olympic Games led to the democratization of Korea. The Olympic Games were awarded at a time when South Korea was in a state of war with North Korea.

Gender Divisions and Differences in Work

Gender Divisions and Differences in Work Today, women have gained a new equality with men. This perspective is indisputable’ This review explores the contemporary literature on the theme of ‘women and work’ in the light of the suggestion that women have indisputably gained a new equality with men. Overwhelming evidence has been found for the persistence of gender inequalities which work to disadvantage women in the context of work, including domestic work, although it is clear that providing explanations for this phenomenon has shown that the issue is complex and highly contested. It is argued that a redefinition and re-interpretation of the inter-dependence between paid and unpaid work, care and leisure is needed. There seems no doubt that in order for there to be a greater measure of real gender equality, male identity, in particular, must beer-examined and changed. It seems clear that research and policy are focusing more on the ways in which caring, in particular, is perceived and constructed in gender terms. However, in order to effect real change in gender equality, it is argued that there must be recognition of the myriad of ways in which both masculinities and femininities are constructed and interact with each other in this complex field. Chapter One Introduction The focus of this literature review is upon the theme of women and work within the context of the premise that women have gained an indisputable equality with men. Whilst it seems, in theory, more ‘equitable’, to have included commentary and research in equal amounts from men and women, an exploration of the literature revealed a far greater contribution to the debate from women than from men, perhaps by virtue of women’s perception of their own disadvantaged position, and this bias is consequently reflected in the variety of sources cited. Literature search was conducted within a University library database, using the search criteria ‘women and work’ and ‘gender equality and work’ and this yielded access to a selection of books and articles. The sources selected for inclusion in the review were restricted to those which specifically focus upon gender differences and inequalities in the realm of work, defined in its widest sense to include that undertaken within the household as well as work in the formal labour market. Due to the plethora of writing and research in this field, the decision was made to restrict sources to those produced within the last ten years, thus maintaining a contemporary focus, although references are made to earlier works. Chapter topics reflect the themes which emerged from the literature. Chapter Two presents a historical overview of women’s employment and the major ideology by which it has been underpinned in British society together with the ways in which the different patterns of employment between men and women have served to disadvantage women, particularly in economic terms. Chapter Three explores women as employees in more depth, particularly the ways in which organisations, occupations and spheres of work are profoundly gendered and how this, again, seems to work against women, although it will be shown that this is a contested area. The focus in Chapter Four is upon domestic labour and the ways in which its traditional construction as ‘women’s work’ has been strongly contested. The different ways in which work is itself construed, in both the traditional world of work and the private domain, sets the scene for a change of emphasis. The literature reflects a movement, in Chapter Five, from a concentration upon the inequalities and injustices heaped upon women through patriarchal structures towards a redefinition of the key issues through an exploration of the increasingly blurred distinctions between paid work, unpaid domestic work, care and leisure. A reinterpretation of caring and how this may be incorporated into the discourse on gender and work has been highlighted. It is argued that there is a clear need for more serious account to be taken of the lived experiences of both men and women, to celebrate, rather than denigrate, gender differences and to strive to understand the ways in which such differences are constructed in ways which may disadvantage both men and women. Chapter Two The nature and extent of women’s employment Many commentators have noted the different ways in which women and men have organized their lives together and how the work that each undertakes has changed and developed over time (Crompton, 1997; Hatt,1997). Crompton (1997) describes how the gender division of labour originated from, and was profoundly reshaped by, the advent of industrialisation in Britain. By the turn of the 20th century, men became increasingly associated with paid or market work, whilst women were identified with the household and non-market work. This trend became intimately connected with an ideology of womanhood which effectively served to exclude women from ‘market’ work. As Crompton asserts, the male-breadwinner model emerged from the ideology of ‘separate spheres’ in which â€Å"the home and domestic sphere was defined as belonging to women, whilst that of the outside world including the workplace – was defined as that of men† (1997, p.8). There seems little doubt, as will become clear later in this review, that assuming the main responsibility for household tasks and child-rearing has had a significant impact upon women’s participation in market work. The idea that this responsibility is somehow ‘natural’ can be said to underpin many family-related explanations for women’s behaviour in the labour market, however, this is clearly a contentious issue. Those who support the view that the gender division of labour manifested in today’s society is rooted in biological differences between the sexes include Hakim (1995; 1996) and Browne (1998). Hakim (1995), for example, sets out to explain the particular patterns of women’s employment in Britain and how they are distinct from those of men. She draws on findings from the socio-biological field which cite male traits of aggressiveness, dominance and competitiveness as rooted in hormonal differences between men and women. These natural masculine traits are seen as instrumental in the disproportionate participation and success of men in the employment sphere. In similar vein, Browne (1998) argues, that biologically influenced sex differences in behaviour have important ramifications for the occupational choices made by men and women in the working sphere and their differential employment patterns. Whilst clearly decrying outright sexual discrimination, Browne suggests that â€Å"much of the glass ceiling and gender gap is the product of basic biological sex differences in personality and temperament acting in the context of the modern labour market† and that these differences are the product of â€Å"differential reproductive strategies followed by the two sexes during the course of human evolution† (1998, p.5). Browne argues that instead of denying the reality of these natural sex differences in the pursuit of socially constructed explanations for the ‘gender gap’, it will be more productive for feminists, in particular, to embrace them and incorporate them into future discourse about work. Hakim (1995; 1996) is also critical of feminist commentators on women’s employment, such as Wallaby (1990), who have suggested that occupational segregation, the construction of women’s jobs as separate from men’s jobs, has been a mechanism through which women have been systematically denied access to jobs by men. Hartmann (1982), as cited by Crompton (1997), described the rationale behind occupational segregation by sex as the mechanism through which men’s superiority over women is maintained by enforcing lower wages for women in the labour market in order ensure their dependence on men. Hartmann (1982) asserts that â€Å"men benefit from both higher wages and the domestic division of labour† and thus, the latter, in turn, serves to perpetuate women’s inferior position in the labour market (Crompton,1997, p.11). Hakim argues against this analysis, however, suggesting that the different pattern of women’s labour-force participation and work commitment is due to women’s choices according to their tastes and preferences. Hence, some women choose to give more priority to their domestic role and child-rearing and less to their employment careers, though, for example, working part-time rather than full-time or opting for less demanding occupations (Hakim, 1996). Hat (1997) discusses the issue of gender and work from an economic perspective and points out that the labour resources of an economy include women and men engaging in productive activity in both the labour market and the household. The working population, however, is term most often used, particularly by economists, to describe those women and men who are engaged in paid employment, self-employment, in Forces, on work-related training schemes or registered as unemployed. This effectively excludes all those women or men in the unpaid sector and full-time homemakers. Hat (1997) records that in1993, in the 16 to 64 age group, 71% of all men and 53% of all women were participating in the working population. The Equal Opportunities Commission report that in the same age group in 2004, over 83% of men and 70% of women were ‘economically active’ (EOC, 2005, p.8). Although caution is needed in comparisons between different sets of statistics, it seems clear that a larger proportion of men than of women participate in the working population but the gap would seem to be closing. It is notable, however, that patterns of labour force participation by women and men are both distinct and different. Hat (1997) notes that, in 1993, for prime age male workers aged 24 to 49, participation rates were over 90%, declining after the age of 50. For women in 1993, the participation rate was 71% for the age range 24 to 34, falling to 54%for women with a child under 5 years old, increasing again as children enter school. Similarly, in 2004, 52% of mothers with children under 5years old were in employment, of these women, around 66% were working part-time. Crompton (1997) observes that almost all of the increase in women’s employment in Britain from the 1950s until the 1980s was impart-time work. This trend is further underlined in the latest statistics in that nearly half of all women (44%) and about 10% of all men work part-time (EOC, 2005). As the statistics show, clearly women are more likely than men to work on a part-time basis. Writers seem divided as to explanations for this phenomenon. Wallaby (1990), for example, has suggested that the expansion of part time employment represents a kind of capitalist, patriarchal conspiracy in which mainly male employers have secured women’s cheap and docile labour, whilst at the same time ‘freeing ‘women to continue undertaking domestic labour in the home. Crompton(1997), also, notes that â€Å"part-time work†¦.has a reputation of being insecure, low-paid and with little by way of training or promotion prospects† (p.33). She cites Beeches and Perkins (1987) who suggest that certain jobs were actually constructed as part-time jobs because they were seen as ‘women’s jobs’, invariably low graded and rarely defined as skilled (Crompton, 1997, p.33). Other writers, such as Hakim (1996), deny the assertion that employers have sought to construct ‘poor work’ for women, asserting instead that it is women themselves who have demanded part-time work to fit in with their other domestic responsibilities – employers have simply responded to meet this demand (Hakim, 1996). Evidence from research by Rubbery et al(1994), however, suggests that not only is part-time work less flexible than full-time work and of inferior quality, but also it has been developed largely to suit the needs of the employer. Since most part-time workers are women, it is women who are most affected by the disadvantages associated with this mode of work. Chapter Three Women as employees Hat (1997) traces the changes in the working population and employment patterns of men and women in recent decades, pointing out that whilst there has been a decline in male employment since 1980, female employment since that time has increased. She cites the official census data from 1994 which revealed that this latter increase was due to a greater proportion of mothers entering paid employment (Hatt,1997). It has been well-documented that within the labour market, women play a different role from men. As we have seen, women are more likely than men to work part-time and, as Hat observes, they also â€Å"work in different industries from men, occupy different positions even within mixed industries and are under-represented in senior positions†(1997, p.17). Many commentators have noted that women are concentrated in certain industries and occupations, such as clerical work, catering, cleaning and caring work whereas men are more often found in the manufacturing sector and the construction industry, for example (Hat, 1997; Franks,1999; Moe, 2003). Even when women and men are found in the same sector, men tend to occupy the more senior positions with women more often situated in the lower ranks of the hierarchy (Hat, 1997; Franks,1999). As Hat (1997) records, â€Å"women are under-represented at senior-levels throughout all occupational categories† (p.21). Crompton(1997) examines the banking industry, in some detail, as an example of the response to labour market demands for low-level clerical workers. She describes how this industry, along with others such as insurance and local government, helped â€Å"to generate a mass, feminized clerical labour force† (Crompton, 1997, p.107). Both direct and indirect discriminatory practices against women within particular banks came to light and pressure from the Equal Opportunities Commission forced some important policy changes. Crompton (1997) acknowledges that there have been major changes to employment practices in the financial sector in general, in later years, as far as gender equality is concerned. She cites structural factors, such as the demand for labour and the organization of the labour process alongside male exclusionary practices as the main contributors to the unequal position of female employees within the banking sector. She also concedes, however, that despite recent reforms, women continue to far outweigh men in occupying low-level positions in banking. It is useful, at this point, to identify the key pieces of government legislation in the UK which have been designed to directly address the issue of equal opportunities between women and men. The first is these Discrimination Act 1975 which promoted the basic principle that men and women should not be less favourably treated by virtue of their sexier marital status. The other is the Equal Pay Act 1975 designed to outlaw discrimination between women and men in the same employment, in pay and other conditions regarding their contracts of employment. This Act was later amended in 1984 to incorporate the Equal Pay for Equal Value principle. In addition to these Acts, the UK is also bound by Article 119 of the Treaty of Rome to uphold European Community equal treatment and equal pay directives (Griffin, 2002). The Equal Opportunities Commission, set up through the Sex Discrimination Act of 1975, functions as the expert organisation on equality between women and men, its main tasks being to â€Å"work towards the elimination of discrimination; to promote equality of opportunity and to keep under review the effectiveness of the Sex Discrimination and Equal Pay Acts† (Griffin, 2002, p.11). In the area of what has become known as the ‘gender pay gap’, it seems that, in general, the gap between male and female earnings has narrowed over the past 60 years, but the trend has been inconsistent. For example, female managers and administrators earned 55% of the annual earnings of their male counterparts on 1970, compared to only 33% in the mid 1920s (EOC,1999). However, this discrepancy narrowed by only 1% in this field of work between the mid 1950s and 1970. Since 1970, although this gap has narrowed significantly with women earning 63% of the pay of their male counterparts, compared to 81% for 1998, it was noted that â€Å"in all ethnic groups, men have higher average hourly earnings than women†(EOC, 1999, p.5). This statistical evidence for the steady narrowing of the gender pay gap appears encouraging in terms of the equality agenda. However, as Griffin (2002) observes, there are other relevant issues. She records that, when we look at all sources of income, including earnings from employment and self-employment, occupational pensions, investment and benefit income, women’s income is significantly lower than that of men, apart from state benefits. For example, figures taken from the EOC forth year 1996-7 showed that 45% of women had an income of less than £100 a week as compared with 20% of men (Griffin, 2002). More latterly, the EOC has recorded that the gender gap in terms of income has remained quite high, stating that â€Å"the gender gap between women and men’s mean individual incomes in 2002/3 was 46%† (EOC, 2005). The EOC (2001) records that despite improvements in recent years, stereotyping remains evident in many professional occupations. Notwithstanding the evidence that greater numbers of women are entering certain professions, such as higher education or the law, women’s share of higher level jobs remains generally low. Certain professional and technical occupations, the ‘occupational segregation’ noted earlier, apparently continue to be heavily dominated by either men or women(EOC, 2001). Empirical studies, especially within the feminist perspective over the past two decades, have moved away from the study of organizational structures per se in order to seek explanations for this persistence in the positioning of men and women in the workplace. Writers such as Pringle (1988), Chodorow (1989) and Halford and Savage(1995), for example, have instead demonstrated how specific kinds of masculinities and femininities, and discourses of gender, are constructed within the workplace. The emphasis here is upon recognizing the diversity of discourses on what it is to be a male or female employee and, ultimately, to avoid over-generalising about ‘all men’ or ‘all women’. One example of this is illustrated by Crompton(1997) in her exposition of different masculinities in the banking industry. She charts the movement within managerial positions in banking from a need for solid, paternalistic men towards the requirement for a more competitive, assertive masculinity within selling culture. Crompton (1997), however, argues that although these discursive, ‘post-modern’ insights do much to enhance our understanding of the pattern of women’s employment, and the different ways in which gender is constructed in the workplace, structural or material explanations remain important. Nazarko (2004) offers a contemporary analysis of the barriers faced by women in the workplace. She maintains that the drive for equal opportunities has hitherto failed to â€Å"challenge the premise that certain groups of workers such as women are less productive and less attractive to employers† (p.25) or the assumption that older workers, including women, are less valuable. Nazarko highlights the popularity of organisational initiatives which promote diversity and difference in the field of human resources. Wilson and Iles (1999), for example, have argued that â€Å"diversity management improves recruitment, retention and creativity within organisations† (Nazarko, 2004, p.25). Nazarkocites researchers such as Rosner (1995) who have pointed out that women and men have different styles of working and managing. Women, for example, tend to use interactional styles in management, encouraging participation, sharing power and information and energising others. In contrast, men tend to use transactional styles, seeing pieces of works series of transactions. Both styles are seen as equally valid and also, may be the preferred model for any individual, regardless of gender. It is argued, then, that both organisations and employees will benefit from initiatives which value diversity and difference, since people would be evaluated and treated as individuals, rather than asocial groups and associated stereotypical connotations. Nazarko(2004), however, fears that the diversity approach does not necessarily eliminate the power structures which persist in society. She argues that until female dominated professions such as nursing are valued as much as male dominated professions like the police force, it is difficult to see how gender equality can be attained. Chapter Four Domestic labour – women’s work? It is well-documented that the Industrial Revolution within the western world generated a distinction between paid work outside the home and unpaid domestic labour within the household. Men’s economic activity came to be focused upon paid work, hence the male breadwinner model, whilst women have commonly divided their working lives between the unpaid domestic sphere and activity in the labour market. Hat(1997) represents the feminist approach to this issue by highlighting the way in which women have long been disadvantaged, particularly in economic terms, by their traditional domestic responsibilities. Not only does their focus upon unpaid domestic task constrain their participation in paid work, domestic work itself â€Å"is an unpaid economic activity which has for too long passed unnoticed; the skills, which the successful homemaker acquires, go unrecognized in wage and promotion schemes† (Hat, 1997, p.50). The terms upon which both men and women are able to participate within the labour market are very different and in this respect, it would seem difficult to argue for a level of equality between the sexes. Many commentators have noted, household and child-rearing duties weigh more heavily upon women than men and have traditionally been excluded from economic analyses of participation in work in the widest sense(Crompton, 1997; Hat, 1997; Franks, 1999). As Hat observes â€Å"household responsibilities and paid employment are both valid productive activities but they are not equally rewarded by society†(1997, p. 49). DE et al (1995), in their analysis of the British Household Panel Survey in the mid 1990s, point out that very few men cited household or family responsibilities as affecting their labour market behaviour, whereas over 80% of women surveyed felt that their labour market participation had been adversely affected by these duties. As Franks(1999) points out, work has come to be synonymous with having a paid job and its counterpart is regarded as leisure. Thus, other kinds of activity such as cleaning the house, doing the shopping, cooking and caring for children and elderly relatives do not officially count as work, although for those involved, it may actually feel very much like work. Underpinning the traditional sexual division of labour is the idea that men’s paid work is dependent upon a shadow economy of women’s unpaid work (Franks, 1999). Thus, the increased participation of women in the formal paid workforce throws the spotlight onto the status of what had always essentially been regarded as a ‘labour of love’. Franks (1999) presents the example of widowed fathers who do not receive the lump sums, tax allowances and continuing state benefits received by widowed mothers. A missing father’s financial contributions recognised, whereas a widower’s deceased partner is considered to have had no economic value. One solution offered by some economists has been to officially regard this labour as a form of taxation whereby all of society benefits from it as if they were paying directly to the state (Franks, 1999). Other commentators (Charles and Kerr, 1999); Morris, 1999) have also stressed that despite the contemporary rhetoric of equality between the sexes, the traditional ideology which divides men and women into ‘breadwinner’ and ‘homemaker’ is still very much alive. Charles andKerr (1999), for example, point out that even where there may have been certain egalitarian sharing of domestic tasks within couples initially, once children arrive on the scene it is almost always the case that the woman takes on the responsibility for child-care and household tasks whilst the man takes on the role of breadwinner. It is argued that although, ostensibly, this arrangement may appear to be complementary relationship with roles being ‘different but equal’, there is a differential allocation of power which renders women disadvantaged. On giving up paid work outside the home, or taking on lower-paid, low-status part-time work, women relinquish their power and status, at least economically (Charles and Kerr, 1999). Having responsibility for decisions about food purchase, or other household necessities, cooking and childcare, it is argued, effectively constitutes the exercise of power by women in other people’s interests. As Charles and Kerr suggest, â€Å"most of them (women) carryout these tasks within a set of social relations which denies them power, particularly when they are at home all day with young children and are dependent for financial support on a man† (1999, p.192). There is a large body of contemporary opinion, evident in the literature, which calls for a redress of balance between the fundamental economic inequity between men and women, particularly within the family unit which includes dependent children. Franks(1999), for example, suggests that there will never be genuine equality between men and women â€Å"if male identity remains unaltered and unpaid work continues to be shuffled off onto women† (p.4). Franks goes on to assert that in a market system where unpaid work is invisible, there is no incentive for men to change their identity to encompass low-status, financially worthless activity (1999, p.4). Crompton (1997) presented her own analysis of the relationship between employment and the family with particular reference to the extent to which there has been any change in the domestic division of labour. She acknowledges that there has been some change, albeit very slow, and she cites research byGershuny et al (1994) who describe the process as one of ‘lagged adaptation’ in which changes tend to occur most often when women are engaged in full-time employment. Other researchers have found that although men, mainly middle-class men, have expressed a desire to become more involved in domestic and child care arrangements, there is little evidence that â€Å"equal† parenting is the reality (Lupton and Barclay, 1997). A more recent briefing by the Equal Opportunities Commission observes that there are many ways in which education, the family and access tithe labour market interact to produce different opportunities for women and men and which result in both men and women experiencing discrimination by virtue of gender. In relation to women in particular, this briefing comments that â€Å"women’s work should beer-evaluated, so that it is no longer undervalued and poorly paid†(EOC, 2002, p.1). Hat, in her analysis of gender, work and labour markets, concluded that â€Å"the domestic division of labour would certainly seem to lead to social injustice and it is debatable whether it furthers the efficient operation of the economy† (1997, p.50). Vogel and Pal (1999) present an interesting exposition of the connections between money and power and men and women within households. Their own research found that, in general, the partner with the greater income was likely to be more dominant indecision-making, with women partners in paid employment having greater power than those who work only in the home. There appear to have been few large-scale studies which have focused upon the experiences of social equality, or inequality, between individual members of the same household. The research conducted by Vogel and Pal (1999) draws on typology, constructed by Pal (1989), of household financial allocation systems, constituting the female whole-wage system, the housekeeping allowance system, the pooling system and the independent management system. In the female whole-wage system, women were given their husband’s pay packet, and had sole responsibility for managing the whole household budget. In the housekeeping allowance system, the women were given a fixed sum for housekeeping expenses, the men having prime responsibility for other expenditure. The pooling system was used where partners pooled their earnings and shared access to and responsibility for managing expenditure from the common, joint fund. Finally, the independent management system operated where both partners had independent incomes (usually dual-earner couples), each partner taking responsibility for particular items of expenditure, although this may vary over time. Vogel and Pal (1999) conducted a survey, combined with interviews, of1,211 couples across six British urban areas, covering Swindon, Aberdeen, Northampton, Coventry, Rochdale and Kirkcaldy. Respondents, aged between 20 and 60 years, were questioned on the household financial allocation system which came closest to their own mode of household finance management. By far the most common system used waste pool which was adopted by half of all the couples surveyed, with the remaining half choosing one of the other segregated systems (Voglerand Pal, 1999). The data was further analysed to determine the relationship between strategic financial control and access to money as a resource within the households studied. It was found that in the joint pooling households â€Å"joint management was associated with both equal strategic control over finances and also with equal access to money as a resource† (Vogel and Pal, 1999, p.143). In the female-controlled management systems, constituting just over two-fifths of the sample, a disjunction was found between control over finances and access to money as a resource. The researchers highlighted their finding that even where ostensibly, these women had greater financial control and power in decision-making, significantly higher levels of personal deprivation were experienced by the women with the men more likely to have more personal spending money than their female partners, especially in lower-income families. As Vogel and Pal observe, â€Å"where the opportunities for exercising financial power are heavily circumscribed by low income and by the husband’s expectation of personal spending money, ‘responsibility’ may be a more appropriate term than ‘control’!† (1999, p.144). This more detailed analysis presented by Vogel and Pal (1999), together with that of other researchers, such as Morris (1999), provides evidence for the ways in which patterns of gender and class inequalities tend to interlock to increase the differences between women and men. A different perspective upon the issue of gender differences and gender equality in the arena of household work and parenting is provided bother researchers. Doucette (1995), for example, highlights the tendency for debates on this issue to become focused upon the relationship between women’s greater responsibility for household work and caring role, and their relative inequality to men in employment and public life. She argues that whilst this is an important issue, insufficient account has been taken of the â€Å"various configurations that gender differences may take within household life† (Doucette, 1995, p.271). Doucette suggests that much of the literature on the gender division of household labour is situated within an ‘equality’ or ‘equal rights ‘framework, which itself, tends to be constructed through a masculine perspective. For example, she argues that a â€Å"male model of minimal participation in housework and child care† is pitched in relation to a â€Å"male model of full-time employment† (Doucette, 1995, p. 274). Whilst it is clearly documented that women’s employment is compromised through the need for women, as a

George Washington Carver

George Washington Carver eulogy Today we honor a man known for his nutty pursuit for his passion for plants and changed the agricultural world. George Washington Carver was born a slave. He was abducted as an infant along with his mother and father then left for dead for his small and weak frame. His was blessed with more compassionate slave owners who sought the stolen family out only to find baby Carver all by his lonesome. Moses and Susan were the names of his new family who he would call â€Å"aunt and uncle† and they took him and George’s little brother Jim as one of their own. He was a struggling, sickly child cursed with a constant cough, doomed to be home bound with nothing to enjoy but the beautiful plants that grew around the farm. He dedicated his time to them. George always wanted to know more about them and even expressing his fascination with them though art. Susan saw great potential in Caver and urged him as far as she can but home schooling wasn’t enough so Caver himself sought out a high school education. He moved from town to town in Kansas and Missouri in pursuit of a high school education. It took him years longer than most students to graduate because he had to work to support the finances. Later, a family in Iowa encouraged George to try for college. He was finally accepted at Simpson College, and then transferred to Iowa State University. While Carver intended to study music and art, he was convinced instead to study agriculture since he could expect a better living. Music and art became secondary loves as Carver seriously studied agricultural science. An offer came to Carver from Booker T. Washington to teach at Tuskegee, Alabama in 1896. Carver accepted and would remain there until his death in 1943. Carver immediately became interested in helping the poor black farmers of the surrounding area as a botany and agriculture teacher to the children of ex-slaves. Dr. George Washington Carver wanted to improve the lives of â€Å"the man farthest down,† the poor, farmers at the mercy of the market and chained to land exhausted by cotton. â€Å"It is not the style of clothes one wears, either the kind of automobile one drives, nor the amount of money one has in the bank, that counts. These mean nothing. It is simply service that measures success. † Carver’s fame grew after his eulogy given at Booker T. Washington’s funeral in 1915. He later personally knew three US Presidents, both Roosevelt’s and Calvin Coolidge. His personal philosophy of sharing his learning with the community was hailed as a tremendously humanistic approach. He lived ver y meagerly and never married. Carver also received numerous awards during his lifetime like the Roosevelt Medal for Outstanding Contribution to Southern Agriculture. His face has appeared on two US stamps. He was the first African American subject for a National Monument, which stands in Diamond, Missouri. Though some of his scientific methods have been called into question, Carver is certainly significant as an innovator whose true motive was improving the lives of others. He was not tainted by both political or economic gain, and stands as a model for modern scientists.

The Nuiances of Research Outline Examples

The Nuiances of Research Outline Examples The typical research paper is an intricate document that's often between 15 and 40 pages in length, based on the subject and class requirements. Finding great on-line sources can be challenging, but luckily we've compiled that list for you. Personal information is one other way to attain information. In truth, it's not that simple when it has to do with the procedure for writing every page. Ruthless Research Outline Examples Strategies Exploited The coming of the research paper outline should have a thesis or hypothesis that illustrates the claim the paper is attempting to prove. An outline is intended to help you set a structure for a paper you are likely to write. Without regard to the character of your research, if you're writing a paper an outline can help you to not just organize your thoughts, but in addition function as the template for your whole paper. 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